This paper is designed to protect an induction motor from different types of abnormalities. If any of the phases, out of the 3 phases is missing or if temperature of. Induction motor protection system the circuit diagram of the three phase induction motors is shown in the figure below. These motors work on 3 phase supply and a standard temperature to keep the loads at preferred conditions. There are many methods in use to start 3 phase induction motors. This paper present a pic microcontroller based control system for the protection of a three phase induction motor. The start push button is a momentary contact switch that is held normally open by a spring. Considering if the motor uses a pumping action, even a single phase reversal that results in the wrong sequence may lead the motor to run in the wrong the direction. Threephase induction motor protection systems and its. Ac motors need to be protected but protection selection usually does not depend on the motor and load type. The threephase induction motor is the extensively used for various kinds of industrial drives. Fault detection and protection of induction motors using. Y2 series 3 phase induction motors are characterized with.
Motor faults motor protection overview ge grid solutions. This ppt exlains how protect an induction motor from single phasing and over temperature. Magnetic contactor starter essentially consists of a set of start and stop push buttons with associated contacts, overload and underload protective devices. If any of the phases, out of the 3 phases is misplaced and also if the motor s temperature during process surpasses the set value, the supply to the induction motor is cutoff instantly. Jul 17, 2016 due to single phasing the induction motor performance severely effected. Abstract three phase solid state relays ssrs have been available since shortly after the introduction of single phase ssrs in 1970. To make induction faults, sensing circuits have been designed. Many researchers have done work in this area but their protection scheme is costly and unfeasible in our indian condition. Jun 05, 2014 protection of three phase induction motor for underover voltage, over current, single phasing and timer circuit. Induction motor protection system circuit and its working. This system protects the 3 phase ac motor from single phasing and overheating. Motor failures are mainly divided into three groups. Wiring of motor and motor control, overload protection and grounding should. Same work is done by this three phase induction motor protection system during over temperature and vibration.
A system is designed and implemented to make protection for faults due to single phasing, voltage unbalance and under voltage in a 3ph induction motor. This webinar brought to you by the relion product family. These are of two types, squirrel cage and slip ring motors. Three phase squirrelcage induction motors are widely used as industrial drives because they are selfstarting, reliable and economical. By far the most commonly used ac motor is the induction motor.
Induction motors protection and starting by viv cohen circuit breaker industries, p. In a slipringtype induction motor, types of protections needed for induction motor. Degree of protection mounting arrangements bearings permissible loads on the shaft end housing, endshields description of the customised executions ordering information technical data pages 1620 dimensional drawings pages 2 list of motor parts pages 34 production program page 35 general purpose 3 phase induction motors. This paper presents the protection of 3 phase induction motor by using numerical relay. In this project we are using a three phase supply by using three single phase transformers. If the motor is not in operation over three months, add grease to each bearing per lubrication nameplate. Most of the protection functions apply to squirrel cage, wound induction motors and synchronous motors. Since 1971, the national electrical code has required three overload protective devices for the protection of threephase motors, one in each phase. Hence, for the protection of the motors from mechanical damage and to increase its life time, it is very necessary to protect the phase motors from single phasing and overheating. This is the basic working principle of induction motor of either type, single phase of three phase. Threephase induction motors are accountable for 85 percent of the installed capacity of the industrial driving systems.
Pdf three phase induction motor protection scheme irjet. Induction motors protection and starting by viv cohen. Reduced voltage starters are used on all types of dc and ac motors. Three phase induction motor can continue to run when one phase of the supply goes out of service due to. The induction motor is an essential device in various industrial applications. Motor protection voltage unbalancesinglephasing 4 motor branch circuit, shortcircuit and ground fault protection when sized according to nec 430. Abstract this paper include a protection scheme for three phase induction motors against singlephasing faults.
It requires less maintenance as compared to other electrical motors. Our project allows to check the three phase supply sequence. Synchronous motors are special types of motors used in constant speed applications, whereas most of the motors used in the industrial applications are of induction type. Three phase induction motor or ac motor is started by itself but we require some starter or other methods for proper starting and controlling induction motor. Protection of three phase induction motor from under voltage, single phasing, over current and phase reversal provide the smooth running of motor improves its lifetime and efficiency. You should also make a dc measurement of stator winding linetoline resistance. Induction motor protection system block diagram and its. Motor protection voltage unbalance and singlephasing. The induction motor experiences several types of electrical faults like overunder voltage, over load, phase reversing, unbalanced voltage, single phasing and earth fault. This final thesis will mostly be dedicated to induction motors but also to synchronous permanent magnet and reluctance motors. This paper tackles the problem of threephase inductionmotor overall protection using digital protection algo rithms. Three phase induction motor protection scheme irjet. Three phase or poly phase motors are of mainly two types.
Flexible 5 ratings correspondence 220380415v50hz,220440v60hz is standard. Introduction this application note describes the design of a 3phase ac induction motor drive with volts per hertz control in closedloop vhz cl. Induction motor general principle electromagnetism. When the motor is connected to a single phase power supply, the main winding carries an alternating current. This study presents a protection scheme for three phase induction motor from incipient faults using embedded microcontroller. Dynamic model of the induction motor in the stationary reference frame was adopted and. Patent 381,968 for his motor three phase squirrelcage induction motors account for over 90% of the. Working principle of three phase induction motor protection system using pic microcontroller. Explain starting methods of 3 phase induction motor. It is logical that the least expensive, most reduced up keep sort engine ought to be utilized most regularly.
A 3 phase induction motor can be used for different applications with various speed and load requirements. Three phase induction motor protection system ijraset. Leroysomer optimityx 3 phase induction motors 5472 en 2019. Figure 1 block diagram of three phase induction motor protection system using pic microcontroller. Construction of three phase induction motor electrical4u. Therefore, the protection of these motors is necessary for reliable operation of loads. Wound rotor if, n speed of the rotor, the slip, s for an induction motor is defined phase induction motors are. There are three cts are used in the circuit which are connected to the three phase supply.
In which three phase power supply is given to the induction motor with the help of mcb and main contactor. Three phase induction motors are widely used in many of the application but specifically in agriculture it suffers from the problems such as over voltage, under voltage. Induction motor protection system block diagram and its working. Frame size 180m and above, 380660v50hz is standard. The stator core is built of sheetsteel laminations that are supported in a frame. Practical induction motors were independently invented by nikola tesla in 1883 and galileo ferraris in 1885 in 1888, tesla was granted u.
Nov 27, 2019 thus from the working principle of three phase induction motor, it may be observed that the rotor speed should not reach the synchronous speed produced by the stator. These sensing circuit sense the faults occur in an induction. Under voltage protection of 3 phase induction motor provides the protection from the under voltage. Induction motor protection system semantic scholar. Now we discuss about the some different protection i.
Fault, microcontroller, protection, sensing circuit and three phase induction motor. This project aim is the protection of three phase induction motor. There are different techniques for fault identification and protection of induction motor. The main aim of this paper is to protect an induction motorim against various faults like over voltage, over current, under voltage, single phasing. Protection of three phase induction motor using embedded. It is highly desired that three phase induction motor works freely from all type of fault. To protect the motor from different faults conditions various protections are provided. Various applications toshiba motor is used for various applications. Pdf protection schemes for three phase induction motor. Three phase induction motors im are used as drive motors in pumps, lifts, cranes, compressors, fans, crushers, mills, cranes.
Ac induction motors are also the most common motors used in main powered home appliances. Various studies have shown that anywhere from 70%, to as high as 90%, of faults on most overhead lines are transient. This article concentrates only on three phase induction motor and its protection. Three phase induction motors are accountable for 85 percent of the installed, applications. Analysis of 3 phase induction motor protection using numerical. Introduction types of electrical machines types of 3 ph induction motor basic principle working principle compnents of induction motor application comparision between 1ph i. This bachelor thesis is focused on induction motor protection problems.
Three phase induction motor protection system using pic. Providing protection for motors is very important in industries, power plants etc. The single phase induction motor is not selfstarting. The present invention relates to a threephase induction motor and, more particularly, to a threephase induction motor having a relatively low capacity, e. Pdf protection method against induction motor single. The rotational speed of the rotating magnetic field is called as synchronous speed. Additional protection is usually provided for synchronous motors. It is essential the motor should be disconnected from the service by opening of its power supply circuit anyway. This induces an electric field in a coil or squirrel cage to drive a rotor. This paper presents a combined protection approach for induction motor such as over current, short circuit and single phase fault. When supply system has low voltage than the rated of induction motor then under voltage protection section of protection supply is provided to motor.
Protect motors and pumps from damaging overcurrent increase the shortcircuit current rating of panels and equipment protect motors with currentlimiting fuses current limiting fuses for motor protection fuse ampere rating voltage rating interrupting rating class cccd fuse ccmr. Pdf microprocessorbased protection system for threephase. In this way, zero voltage triggering for certain time period at the starting of an induction motor deliberately reduces the starting inrush current of the induction motor. Apr 09, 2015 this ppt exlains how protect an induction motor from single phasing and over temperature. Protection of 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller ijareeie. These motors are selfstarting and use no capacitor, start winding, centrifugal switch or other starting device. Three phase ac induction motors are widely used in industrial and commercial applications. Fault detection and protection of induction motors using sensors article in ieee transactions on energy conversion 233.
Advantages of 3 phase induction motor generally easy to build and cheaper than corresponding dc or synchronous motors induction motor is robust. Basler relay models are offered with typical setting value ranges and considerations to help designers and users select basler relays for motor protection. Hence, for three phase induction motors, it is necessary that all the three phases of supply be present and the motor temperature be within the permissible limits. Analysis of 3 phase induction motor protection using. The motor draws more current from remaining two supply lines. Nov 27, 2019 the three phase induction motor is the most widely used electrical motor. Introduction three phase motors can be classified into two types. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor and another one with squirrelcage rotor. Pdf automatic fault detection and protection of three phase. In the system, three potential transformers with transformation ratio 4005v are connected to each phase of induction motor. This selection is based on the fundamental ac motor operation processes. It also provides a protection system is very important in industries, using lot of motors such that production is not hampered owing to failure of any motor. When three phase induction motor runs continuously, it is necessary to protect the motor from these anticipated faults. The primary goal of the work is to make a cheap and reliable protection system for three phase induction motor.
After single phasing also the three phase induction motor can continue to run, and the motor will get heated quickly. Therefore, 3 phase induction motors employ a starting method not to provide a starting torque at the rotor, but because of the following reasons. One single phase wattmeter plus miscellaneous apparatus as needed. Almost 80% of the mechanical power used by industries is provided by three phase induction motors because of its simple and rugged construction, low cost, good operating characteristics, the absence of commutator and good speed regulation. Abstract it is well understood that induction motors draw higher currents during their starting operations than is the. Design of vfd drive for a 3phase induction motor open. It is based on freescales 56f800e microcontrollers. Cts secondaries are connected to the ledx numerical relay. Protection of three phase induction motor from single phasing, phase reversal, over voltage and under voltage. Windingrotor arrangements for 3 phase induction machine three phase slip ring induction motor. Analysis of 3 phase induction motor protection using numerical relay dr. Introduction this application note describes the design of a 3 phase ac induction motor drive with volts per hertz control in closedloop vhz cl. Temperature protection methods of induction motor aleksejs gedzurs latvia universiry of agriculture. Single phase induction motors are used extensively for smaller loads, such as household appliances like fans.
Motor branch circuit, short circuit and ground fault protection when sized according to nec 430. Here we will see a detailed article related to the starting methods of three phase induction motor. So for effective starting of the motor, starter is provided in the motor. Single phasing is the most common problem found in three phase induction motor. A 3 phase induction motor uses current delivered in three phases in a sequence into the coils of a stator to create a rotating magnetic field. The design of y2 series induction motor absorbed the advanced technology of electric motors around the world. Recommendations are given in regard to the selection of both overcurrent and earth leakage protection of induction motors that consider not only the motor protection requirements, but also the limitations on the protection devices that may result from the abnormal. The protection of induction motor plays an important role in its long life service.
The primary goal of the work is to make a cheap and reliable protection system for three phase induction motor system. Conclusion and future work protection of three phase induction motor from under voltage, single phasing, over current and phase reversal provide the smooth running of motor. This paper has a tendency to develop for protection of three phase induction motor from single phasing, phase reversal, overvoltage and under voltage. The three phase induction motor is the extensively used for various kinds of industrial drives. This three phase induction motor protection system using pic microcontroller, works on the principle of voltage and current measurements. The following are the connection diagrams for standard 3 phase general purpose 9lead and 12lead dual voltage motors. For all other connections such as two speed motors, 1 phase motors, alternate starting methods, etc.
An induction motors rotor can be either wound type or squirrelcage type. The rotor winding terminals are connected to three slip rings which turn with the rotor. The main aim of the project dealt with the concept of speed control of a three phase induction motor with energy saving. If the speeds become equal, there would be no such relative speed, so no emf induced in the rotor, and no current would be flowing, and therefore no torque would be generated. Here, figure shows the power circuit for protection of three phase induction motor. Knowing the phase sequence of three phase motors is quite an important thing. The torque and speed characteristic is seriously affected when a 3 phase motor operates on a single phase.
Thus from the working principle of three phase induction motor, it may be observed that the rotor speed should not reach the synchronous speed produced by the stator. To do so, a vfd variable frequency drive is used for controlling the speed of a three phase induction motor with variable load attached to the motor. This project is based on the study of three phase induction motor and its faults and other is study of numerical relay. An induction or asynchronous motor is an ac electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by. A wound rotor or slip ring motor has a 3phase winding, similar to the stator winding. This paper proposes a protection scheme for three phase induction motors against singlephasing faults. An improved method for protection of three phase induction. There are crucial differences between the protection of induction motors and synchronous motors. It should be emphasized, the causes of singlephasing cannot be eliminated. Motor protection against single phasing and overheating. If any of the phases, out of the 3phases is misplaced and also if the motors temperature during process surpasses the set value, the supply to the induction motor is cutoff instantly. When any of the phases is out, then this system recognizes. When the 3 phase supply is provided to the stator, a magnetic field is produced which rotates the rotor and motor starts.
A protection scheme for three phase induction motor from. Then this relay contactor unit turned off the three phase induction motor. Record all nameplate information for the induction motor. Detection of fault of three phase induction motor using. However, they are used most commonly with the ac squirrel cage induction motor because of 3 phase motor 3 phase motor. Phase induction motors capacitorstart induction motor dynamic and steadystate performance of a capacitorstart singlephase induction motor splitphase induction. The difference in speed between rotor, the synchronous speed and the rotating. Which is connected in series with three phase induction motor. But at the starting of the induction motor, starting current is very large which may damage motor windings. Induction motors operation principle 1 the three phase stator is supplied by balanced three phase voltage that drives an ac magnetizing current through each phase winding. The basic idea of this project is to give safety to the induction motor. Pdf various studies have shown that anywhere from 70%, to as high as 90%, of faults on most overhead lines are transient. Y2 series three phase induction motor i asynchronous motor y2 series three phase asynchronous motor is a kind of totally enclosed fancooled tefc squirrelcage induction motor. In this whole system the lcd display shows all condition during any fault occur.
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